SCIENCE RULES
I promise this photo is not AI-generated
Ranken Jordan Pediatric Bridge Hospital
This is a real picture of twin girls, Hiyab and Wuhbto, who were born in Ethiopia with conjoined skulls in 2024. They are now recuperating, unconjoined, after surgeons at a St. Louis hospital separated their heads in February.
Twins joined at the head — craniopagus twins — are exceedingly rare. One in every 2.5 million live births! Only 62 separation attempts have ever been made worldwide. Hiyab and Wuhbto shared brain tissue and blood vessels, which made surgery last more than 24 hours and required more than 60 specialists, according to an announcement from SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital. Surgeons completed repair of Wuhbto’s skull earlier this year. Hiyab is slated for the same procedure this fall.
Medicine ain’t always perfect, but wow can it do some marvelous things. You can watch the livestream of the announcement here.
ADDICTION
Purer fentanyl won’t solve the U.S. overdose death crisis
In January, a paper published in Science analyzed government mortality figures, data on drugs seized by the DEA, and Reddit posts to determine that decreasing fentanyl potency due to Chinese government crackdowns could explain the recent decline in U.S. opioid overdose deaths. But when another research team tried to replicate that study, they didn’t come to the same conclusion.
“A simplistic supply shock is not supported by the evidence,” the authors wrote yesterday in Science Advances.
The researchers noted that as fentanyl purity increased across the country, there was no associated national drop in overdose rates. While there did seem to be a broad association between declining purity and overdoses, it was shared with other, unrelated trends. And importantly, the DEA acknowledged at the time that increasing purity in its drug seizures was likely due to a change in its sampling plan.
It’s also critical not to overlook geographic variability in the drug supply, the replication study authors wrote. As one of them told Lev Facher when the first study was published, many regions had declining overdose rates before potency apparently began to drop. — Theresa Gaffney
EBOLA
Potentially good Ebola news
After 7,258 confirmed cases and 3,510 deaths, there is reason to be cautiously optimistic about the trajectory of the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Disease transmission rates are declining in most of the affected provinces, though months of work remain to get the outbreak under control, said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the World Health Organization, during a news conference yesterday.
The outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo species of Ebola, is the second-largest on record. The WHO said it expects a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial of Ebola vaccines to begin in the next couple of weeks. The inimitable Helen Branswell has the full update.